The Amish are a unique Christian community known for their simple living, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt modern technology. One distinctive aspect of Amish culture is their use of the term "English" to refer to outsiders who are not part of their community. This term is deeply rooted in their history, beliefs, and worldview. Understanding why the Amish call people "English" provides insight into their culture, language, and how they perceive the world around them.
Historical Origins of the Term 'English'
The term "English" among the Amish and other Anabaptist groups originates from the early 16th-century European context. During the time of the Reformation, when various Christian groups separated from the Catholic Church, the term "English" was used by German-speaking communities to distinguish themselves from outsiders, especially the English-speaking Protestants and Catholics.
In the context of the Amish, who descended from the Swiss Anabaptists in the late 17th century, the term was adapted to refer to those outside their religious and cultural community. It was a way to identify outsiders who did not share their beliefs, customs, or way of life.
Over time, "English" became a colloquial term used by Amish communities to refer to all non-Amish, regardless of nationality or language, emphasizing their cultural and spiritual differences.
The Cultural Significance of 'English'
For the Amish, calling outsiders "English" is more than just a label; it reflects their distinct worldview and values. The Amish see their way of life as rooted in their faith and adherence to biblical teachings, which often set them apart from the modern, "English" society.
This term embodies their desire to maintain separation from the influences of the outside world, which they believe can lead to moral decline and spiritual danger. By referring to outsiders as "English," they reinforce their sense of community, identity, and religious conviction.
Furthermore, the term helps preserve their language and traditions. Amish communities primarily speak Pennsylvania Dutch (a German dialect), and using "English" to describe outsiders who speak English or other languages helps maintain linguistic boundaries.
How the Term 'English' Is Used in Amish Life
- In everyday conversation: Amish people often use "English" to refer to non-Amish friends, neighbors, or outsiders in a neutral or sometimes slightly dismissive manner, depending on the context.
- In business interactions: Amish merchants might refer to their non-Amish customers as "English" during transactions or negotiations.
- Within the community: The term is used to distinguish between Amish and non-Amish individuals, especially when discussing social or religious matters.
It's important to note that the use of "English" is not meant to be derogatory but reflects cultural boundaries and distinctions that have persisted for centuries.
Differences in Lifestyle and Beliefs
The Amish lifestyle is characterized by simplicity, modesty, and a focus on community and faith. They reject many modern conveniences such as electricity, automobiles, and telephones, which they believe can lead to pride, individualism, and disconnect from God.
In contrast, "English" society is often seen by the Amish as materialistic, fast-paced, and morally lax. The term "English" thus symbolizes the cultural and spiritual divide between the Amish and the outside world.
This division affects many aspects of their life, including dress, technology use, education, and social interactions. The term "English" encapsulates their desire to remain separate and uphold their traditions.
Exploring the Bible
The Amish base their beliefs on biblical principles, emphasizing separation from worldly influences to maintain their spiritual integrity. Several Bible verses highlight the importance of separation and maintaining distinctiveness from worldly practices.
- 2 Corinthians 6:17: "Therefore, come out from them and be separate, says the Lord. Touch no unclean thing, and I will receive you." This verse underscores the Amish view of spiritual separation from secular society as a biblical principle.
- John 15:19: "If you belonged to the world, it would love you as its own. As it is, you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world. That is why the world hates you." This verse reflects the Amish belief in their distinct identity and the need to remain separate from worldly influences.
- Romans 12:2: "Do not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind." The Amish interpret this as a call to avoid adopting worldly customs, which is why they refer to outsiders as "English."
Conclusion
The term "English" holds significant cultural and religious meaning within Amish communities. It originated from historical contexts where distinctions between different language speakers and cultural groups were necessary. Today, it symbolizes the Amish's desire to maintain their separation from modern, secular society and to uphold their faith and traditions. While the term is used in everyday conversation, it reflects deeper values of identity, faith, and community for the Amish. Understanding this terminology helps foster respect and appreciation for their way of life, rooted in biblical principles and a commitment to their spiritual journey.
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