Do Anglicans Use the Term Mass

Within the diverse landscape of Christian liturgical traditions, terminology often varies to reflect doctrinal nuances, historical developments, and cultural contexts. One such term that frequently sparks curiosity and discussion is "Mass." While it is a central term in Roman Catholic and some other liturgical traditions, its usage within Anglicanism is more nuanced. This article explores whether Anglicans traditionally use the term "Mass," how they refer to their main worship service, and the historical and theological considerations that influence their terminology.

Do Anglicans Use the Term Mass

In general, the answer to whether Anglicans use the term "Mass" depends on the particular branch or tradition within Anglicanism. Historically, the term "Mass" has been used by many Anglican communities, especially those with high church or Anglo-Catholic leanings. However, in more Evangelical or low church contexts, the term is less common, and alternative terms such as "Holy Communion," "Eucharist," or "Lord’s Supper" are preferred. The usage varies not only geographically but also according to theological emphasis and liturgical practice.

The Origin and Meaning of the Term "Mass"

The word "Mass" originates from the Latin word "missa," which appears in the closing words of the Latin liturgy ("Ite, missa est"). Historically, it referred to the final dismissal at the end of the service. Over time, it came to denote the entire Eucharistic celebration itself. This terminology has deep roots in Catholic tradition, and its usage spread across Western Christianity for centuries.

Within the Roman Catholic Church, "Mass" is the standard term for the Eucharistic service. Many other Western Christian denominations, including some Lutheran and Anglican communities, inherited this terminology, especially in contexts where the service closely follows Catholic liturgical forms.

Historical Use of "Mass" in Anglicanism

Since the Anglican tradition evolved from the Catholic Church during the Reformation, it inherited much of the Catholic liturgical vocabulary, including the term "Mass." In the Anglican Book of Common Prayer (BCP), especially in its earlier editions, the term "Mass" appears explicitly, reflecting the Catholic heritage.

For instance, the 1662 Book of Common Prayer, used widely in the Church of England and other Anglican provinces, refers to the service as "the Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper," but it also contains references to the "Mass" in some of its rubrics and historical texts. Additionally, many Anglican liturgical texts and hymnals from the 19th and early 20th centuries explicitly used the term "Mass."

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, high church and Anglo-Catholic groups within Anglicanism actively used the term "Mass," emphasizing the Catholic roots of Anglican worship and focusing on the sacrificial understanding of the Eucharist. Churches with a high liturgical style often designated their main service as "The Holy Mass."

Modern Usage of "Mass" in Anglican Churches

Today, the usage of the term "Mass" in Anglican churches varies significantly:

• High Church and Anglo-Catholic Traditions: These communities often retain the term "Mass," emphasizing the sacrificial and reverent aspects of the Eucharist. They may refer to their main weekly service as "The Holy Mass" or simply "Mass."
• Central and Anglican Use: Some Anglican bodies, especially those with an Anglo-Catholic identity, continue to use "Mass" regularly, especially during special liturgical seasons or occasions.
• Evangelical and Low Church Traditions: These groups tend to prefer terms like "Holy Communion," "Eucharist," or "The Lord’s Supper." They often see "Mass" as too Roman Catholic or liturgically heavy.
• Geographical Variations: In the United States, the term "Mass" is less commonly used among mainstream Anglican churches, whereas in the UK, especially within the Anglo-Catholic movement, it remains more prevalent.

For example, the Church of England’s official liturgies now predominantly use "Holy Communion" or "Eucharist," but many Anglo-Catholic parishes still refer to their main service as "Mass." Similarly, in the Anglican Ordinariates established for former Roman Catholics, the term "Mass" is often used to reflect their Catholic heritage.

Do Different Anglican Denominations Use the Term "Mass"?

Yes. The usage of "Mass" can differ considerably among various Anglican bodies:

• Church of England and The Anglican Communion: While official liturgies favor "Holy Communion" or "Eucharist," high church parishes and Anglo-Catholic groups sometimes call their services "Mass."
• The Episcopal Church (USA): Tends to avoid the term "Mass" in favor of "Holy Communion," though some Anglo-Catholic parishes might still use "Mass."
• The Anglican Church in America and Continuing Anglican Churches: Many of these groups, especially those with Catholic traditions, frequently refer to their Eucharistic celebration as "Mass."
• Anglican Ordinariates (e.g., Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter): As they retain much Catholic liturgical practice, the term "Mass" is commonly used.

Thus, the terminology reflects both doctrinal emphasis and liturgical heritage within each community.

Theological Considerations and Cultural Influences

The choice of terminology is not merely linguistic but also theological. Groups emphasizing the sacrificial and Catholic understanding of the Eucharist are more inclined to use "Mass." Conversely, those emphasizing a more memorial or community-focused view tend to prefer "Holy Communion" or "Eucharist."

Culturally, in regions where Catholic influence is strong, "Mass" remains a familiar term. In contrast, in cultures with a Protestant or Reformed heritage, "Mass" might be viewed as too closely associated with Catholic doctrine and therefore avoided.

Additionally, the ecumenical movement and Anglican efforts toward inclusivity have led many communities to adopt more neutral terms, focusing on the shared aspects of Christian worship rather than specific terminology.

Summary: Key Points on Anglican Use of "Mass"

In summary, whether Anglicans use the term "Mass" depends on their liturgical tradition, doctrinal emphasis, and cultural context. Historically, the term has been part of Anglican vocabulary, especially among high church and Anglo-Catholic groups, reflecting their Catholic heritage. Today, many Anglican churches prefer terms like "Holy Communion" or "Eucharist," aligning with ecumenical sensitivities and modern liturgical trends. Nonetheless, the term "Mass" remains in use within certain Anglican communities, particularly those with a high church identity or Catholic roots. Ultimately, the terminology underscores the richness and diversity within Anglican worship, embodying different theological emphases while sharing a common reverence for the central act of Christian worship—the Eucharist.

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